Publications
Click here to sort this list by category.
2026
- . Tandem Tales: a paired storytelling research platform. In Proceedings of the Experimental AI in Games workshop at the 22nd AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2026.
2025
- . Speeding up narrative planning using Fog of War Pruning. In Proceedings of the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 121-131, 2025. Awarded Best Paper.
- . An answer set encoding for narrative planning with Theory of Mind. In Proceedings of the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 132-141, 2025.
- . Detecting duplicate states is worth it in narrative planning with belief. In Proceedings of the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 62-69, 2025.
- . Pareto-based narrative planning: making NPCs more rational. In Proceedings of the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 337-346, 2025. (full paper presented as poster)
- . Structure, agency, and improvisation in human-led digital interactive narrative exercises. In Proceedings of the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 237-246, 2025. (full paper presented as poster)
- . Speeding up narrative planning with Causal Width Search and Pruning. In Proceedings of the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 196-205, 2025. (full paper presented as poster)
- . Language models as narrative planning heuristics. In Proceedings of the 20th international conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, 2025. Awarded Best Paper.
- . Designing a modular, scalable benchmark for narrative experience management. In Proceedings of the joint workshop on Experimental AI in Games and Intelligent Narrative Technologies at the 21st AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2025.
2024
- . Large Language Models as narrative planning search guides. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 17, num. 2, pp. 419-428, 2024.
- . A model for automating the abstraction of planning problems in a narrative context. In Proceedings of the 20th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 35-45, 2024. Awarded Best Student Paper.
- . Structure, agency, and intent: preliminary data collection. In Proceedings of the Interactive Narrative Technologies workshop at the 20th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2024.
- . Planning stories neurally. 2024.
2023
- . Personality and emotion in strong-story narrative planning. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 15, num. 4, pp. 669-682, 2023.
- . Causal necessity as a narrative planning step cost function. In Proceedings of the 19th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 155-164, 2023.
- . Knowledge goal recognition for interactive narratives. In Proceedings of the Experimental AI in Games workshop at the 19th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2023.
- . A Collection of Benchmark Problems for the Sabre Narrative Planner. Narrative Intelligence Lab, 2023.
- . The Sabre narrative planner. https://github.com/sgware/sabre, 2023.
2022
- . Multi-agent narrative experience management as story graph pruning. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 15, num. 3, pp. 378-387, 2022.
- . Solution density and search strategy in narrative generation. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 14, num. 4, pp. 715-724, 2022.
- . Salience vectors for measuring distance between stories. In Proceedings of the 18th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 95-104, 2022.
- . Salience as a narrative planning step cost function. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Games, pp. 433-440, 2022.
- . Intelligent de-escalation training via emotion-inspired narrative planning. In Proceedings of the 13th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 18th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2022.
2021
- . Sabre: a narrative planner supporting intention and deep theory of mind. In Proceedings of the 17th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 99-106, 2021. Awarded nomination for Best Paper.
- . The Sabre narrative planner: multi-agent coordination with intentions and beliefs. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 1698-1700, 2021.
- . Workshop Report: Intelligent Narrative Technologies: The 16th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment. In Interactive AI Magazine, 2021.
2020
- . Manipulating narrative salience in interactive stories using Indexter's Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 12, num. 1, pp. 74-85, 2020.
- . Narrative planning for belief and intention recognition. In Proceedings of the 16th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 52-58, 2020.
- . A good story is one in a million: solution density in narrative generation problems. In Proceedings of the 16th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 123-129, 2020. Awarded nomination for Best Student Paper.
- . A formalization of emotional planning for strong-story systems. In Proceedings of the 16th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 116-122, 2020.
- . Exploring regression-based narrative planning. In Proceedings of the 12th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 16th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2020.
- . Camelot: a modular customizable sandbox for visualizing interactive narratives. In Proceedings of the 12th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 16th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2020.
2019
- . Multi-agent narrative experience management as story graph pruning. In Proceedings of the 15th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 87-93, 2019.
- . A plan-based personality model for story characters. In Proceedings of the 15th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 188-194, 2019.
- . Measuring presence and performance in an intelligent virtual reality police use of force training simulation prototype. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI International Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society conference, pp. 276-281, 2019.
- . On automatically motivating story characters. In Proceedings of the Experimental AI in Games workshop at the 15th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2019.
2018
- . Combining intentionality and belief: revisiting believable character plans. In Proceedings of the 14th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 222-228, 2018. (full paper presented as poster)
2017
- . Influencing user choices in interactive narratives using Indexter's Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis. In Proceedings of the 13th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 37-42, 2017.
- . Causal link semantics for narrative planning using numeric fluents. In Proceedings of the 13th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 193-199, 2017. (full paper presented as poster)
- . A possible worlds model of belief for state-space narrative planning. In Proceedings of the 13th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 101-107, 2017.
- . Mutual Implicit Question Answering for shared authorship: a pilot study on player expectations. In Proceedings of the 10th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 13th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 259-265, 2017.
2016
- . Predicting user choices in interactive narratives using Indexter's Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 147-155, 2016.
- . Asking hypothetical questions about stories using QUEST. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 136-146, 2016.
- . Fast and diverse narrative planning through novelty pruning. In Proceedings of the 12th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 37-43, 2016.
2015
- . Intentionality and conflict in The Best Laid Plans interactive narrative virtual environment. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Games, vol. 8, num. 4, pp. 402-411, 2015.
- . Evaluating the Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis in Indexter. In Proceedings of the 11th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 30-36, 2015.
- . Interactive narrative planning in The Best Laid Plans. In Proceedings of the 25th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Agent Demonstrations, pp. 4313-4314, 2015.
2014
- . A survey and analysis of techniques for player behavior prediction in Massively Multiplayer Online games. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing Special Issue on MMO Technologies, vol. 3, num. 2, pp. 260-274, 2014.
- . A computational model of narrative conflict at the fabula level. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Games, vol. 6, num. 3, pp. 271-288, 2014.
- . Glaive: a state-space narrative planner supporting intentionality and conflict. In Proceedings of the 10th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 80-86, 2014. Awarded Best Student Paper.
- . Foreseeing meaningful choices. In Proceedings of the 10th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 9-15, 2014.
- . Playable experiences at AIIDE 2014. In Proceedings of the 10th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 203-209, 2014.
- . A plan-based model of conflict for narrative reasoning and generation. Ph.D. thesis at North Carolina State University, 2014.
- . The Glaive narrative planner. https://nil.cs.uno.edu/projects/glaive/, 2014.
- . The Best Laid Plans. http://cs.uky.edu/~sgware/projects/blp/, 2014.
2013
- . Plans and planning in narrative generation: a review of plan-based approaches to the generation of story, discourse and interactivity in narratives. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, Special Issue on Formal and Computational Models of Narrative, vol. 37, num. 1-2, pp. 41-64, 2013.
- . An introduction to Graph Theory. In Practical Graph Mining with R, Eds. Nagiza F. Samatova, William Hendrix, John Jenkins, Kanchana Padmanabhan, Arpan Chakraborty, pp. 9-26, 2013. CRC Press.
- . Frequent Subgraph Mining. In Practical Graph Mining with R, Eds. Nagiza F. Samatova, William Hendrix, John Jenkins, Kanchana Padmanabhan, Arpan Chakraborty, pp. 181-221, 2013. CRC Press.
2012
- . Achieving the illusion of agency. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 114-125, 2012. Awarded Best Paper.
- . Four quantitative metrics describing narrative conflict. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 18-29, 2012.
- . Validating a plan-based model of narrative conflict. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, pp. 220-227, 2012.
- . The Intentional Fast-Forward narrative planner. In Proceedings of the 5th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 8th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 57-62, 2012.
- . Indexter: a computational model of the Event-Indexing Situation Model for characterizing narratives. In Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Computational Models of Narrative, pp. 34-43, 2012. Awarded Best Student Paper on a Cognitive Science Topic.
- . Reports on the 2012 AIIDE Workshops. AI Magazine, vol. 34, num. 1, pp. 90-92, 2012.
- . Crossed swords and broken hearts: a computational model of narrative conflict. Poster at the North Carolina State University Graduate Research Symposium, 2012.
2011
- . CPOCL: a narrative planner supporting conflict. In Proceedings of the 7th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 97-102, 2011.
- . Initial results for measuring four dimensions of narrative conflict. In Proceedings of the 4th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 7th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 115-122, 2011.
- . A computational model of narrative conflict. In Doctoral Consortium at the 6th international conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, pp. 247-249, 2011.
- . Toward a computational model of narrative conflict. M.S. thesis at North Carolina State University, 2011.
2010
- . Modeling narrative conflict to generate interesting stories. In Proceedings of the 6th AAAI conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 210-215, 2010. (full paper presented as poster)
- . Rethinking traditional planning assumptions to facilitate narrative generation. In Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Computational Models of Narrative, pp. 71-72, 2010.
