Publications
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Refereed Journal Articles
- Large language models as narrative planning search guides. IEEE Transactions on Games, 2024. (forthcoming) .
- Personality and emotion in strong-story narrative planning. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 15, num. 4, pp. 669-682, 2023. .
- Multi-agent narrative experience management as story graph pruning. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 15, num. 3, pp. 378-387, 2022. .
- Solution density and search strategy in narrative generation. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 14, num. 4, pp. 715-724, 2022. .
- Manipulating narrative salience in interactive stories using Indexter's Pairwise Event Salience Hypothesis. IEEE Transactions on Games, vol. 12, num. 1, pp. 74-85, 2020. .
- Intentionality and conflict in The Best Laid Plans interactive narrative virtual environment. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Games, vol. 8, num. 4, pp. 402-411, 2015. .
- A survey and analysis of techniques for player behavior prediction in massively multiplayer online games. IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing Special Issue on MMO Technologies, vol. 3, num. 2, pp. 260-274, 2014. .
- A computational model of narrative conflict at the fabula level. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Games, vol. 6, num. 3, pp. 271-288, 2014. .
- Plans and planning in narrative generation: a review of plan-based approaches to the generation of story, discourse and interactivity in narratives. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, Special Issue on Formal and Computational Models of Narrative, vol. 37, num. 1-2, pp. 41-64, 2013. .
Refereed Conference Papers
- A model for automating the abstraction of planning problems in a narrative context. In Proceedings of the 20th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 35-45, 2024. .
- Causal Necessity as a Narrative Planning Step Cost Function. In Proceedings of the 19th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 155-164, 2023. .
- Salience vectors for measuring distance between stories. In Proceedings of the 18th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 95-104, 2022. .
- Salience as a narrative planning step cost function. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Games, pp. 433-440, 2022. .
- Sabre: A Narrative Planner Supporting Intention and Deep Theory of Mind. In Proceedings of the 17th AAAI International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 99-106, 2021. (nominated for Best Paper) .
- Narrative planning for belief and intention recognition. In Proceedings of the 16th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 52-58, 2020. .
- A good story is one in a million: solution density in narrative generation problems. In Proceedings of the 16th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 123-129, 2020. (nominated for Best Student Paper) .
- A formalization of emotional planning for strong-story systems. In Proceedings of the 16th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 116-122, 2020. .
- Multi-agent narrative experience management as story graph pruning. In Proceedings of the 15th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 87-93, 2019. .
- A plan-based personality model for story characters. In Proceedings of the 15th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 188-194, 2019. .
- Measuring presence and performance in an intelligent virtual reality police use of force training simulation prototype. In Proceedings of the 32nd AAAI international conference of the Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society, pp. 276-281, 2019. .
- Combining intentionality and belief: revisiting believable character plans. In Proceedings of the 14th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 222-228, 2018. .
- Influencing user choices in interactive narratives using Indexter's pairwise event salience hypothesis. In Proceedings of the 13th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 37-42, 2017. .
- Causal link semantics for narrative planning using numeric fluents. In Proceedings of the 13th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 193-199, 2017. .
- A possible worlds model of belief for state-space narrative planning. In Proceedings of the 13th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 101-107, 2017. .
- Predicting user choices in interactive narratives using Indexter's pairwise event salience hypothesis. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 147-155, 2016. .
- Asking hypothetical questions about stories using QUEST. In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 136-146, 2016. .
- Fast and diverse narrative planning through novelty pruning. In Proceedings of the 12th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 37-43, 2016. .
- Evaluating the pairwise event salience hypothesis in Indexter. In Proceedings of the 11th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 30-36, 2015. .
- Glaive: a state-space narrative planner supporting intentionality and conflict. In Proceedings of the 10th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 80-86, 2014. (awarded Best Student Paper) .
- Foreseeing meaningful choices. In Proceedings of the 10th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 9-15, 2014. .
- Achieving the illusion of agency. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 114-125, 2012. (awarded Best Paper) .
- Four quantitative metrics describing narrative conflict. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling, pp. 18-29, 2012. .
- Validating a plan-based model of narrative conflict. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on the Foundations of Digital Games, pp. 220-227, 2012. .
- CPOCL: a narrative planner supporting conflict. In Proceedings of the 7th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 97-102, 2011. .
Refereed Workshop and Symposium Papers
- Structure, agency, and intent: preliminary data collection. In Proceedings of the Interactive Narrative Technologies workshop at the 20th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2024. .
- Knowledge goal recognition for interactive narratives. In Proceedings of the Experimental AI in Games workshop at the 19th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2023. .
- Intelligent de-escalation training via emotion-inspired narrative planning. In Proceedings of the 13th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 18th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2022. .
- Exploring regression-based narrative planning. In Proceedings of the 12th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 16th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2020. .
- Camelot: a modular customizable sandbox for visualizing interactive narratives. In Proceedings of the 12th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 16th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2020. (forthcoming) .
- On automatically motivating story characters. In Proceedings of the Experimental AI in Games workshop at the 15th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, 2019. .
- Mutual Implicit Question Answering for shared authorship: a pilot study on player expectations. In Proceedings of the 10th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 13th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 259-265, 2017. .
- The Intentional Fast-Forward narrative planner. In Proceedings of the 5th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 8th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 57-62, 2012. .
- Indexter: a computational model of the Event-Indexing Situation Model for characterizing narratives. In Proceedings of the 3rd workshop on Computational Models of Narrative, pp. 34-43, 2012. (awarded Best Student Paper on a Cognitive Science Topic) .
- Initial results for measuring four dimensions of narrative conflict. In Proceedings of the 4th Intelligent Narrative Technologies workshop at the 7th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 115-122, 2011. .
- Rethinking traditional planning assumptions to facilitate narrative generation. In Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Computational Models of Narrative, pp. 71-72, 2010. .
Refereed Posters and Extended Abstracts
- The Sabre narrative planner: multi-agent coordination with intentions and beliefs. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, pp. 1698-1700, 2021. .
e-Prints
- Planning stories neurally. 2024. .
Refereed Book Chapters
- An introduction to graph theory. In Practical Graph Mining with R, Eds. Nagiza F. Samatova, William Hendrix, John Jenkins, Kanchana Padmanabhan, Arpan Chakraborty, pp. 9-26, 2013. CRC Press. .
- Frequent subgraph mining. In Practical Graph Mining with R, Eds. Nagiza F. Samatova, William Hendrix, John Jenkins, Kanchana Padmanabhan, Arpan Chakraborty, pp. 181-221, 2013. CRC Press. .
Refereed Demonstrations
- Playable experiences at AIIDE 2014. In Proceedings of the 10th AAAI international conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment, pp. 203-209, 2014. .
Demonstrations
- Interactive narrative planning in The Best Laid Plans. In Proceedings of the 25th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Agent Demonstrations, pp. 4313-4314, 2015. .
Theses and Dissertations
- A plan-based model of conflict for narrative reasoning and generation. Ph.D. thesis at North Carolina State University, 2014. .
- Toward a computational model of narrative conflict. M.S. thesis at North Carolina State University, 2011. .
Technical Reports
- A Collection of Benchmark Problems for the Sabre Narrative Planner. Narrative Intelligence Lab, 2023. .
Software
- The Sabre narrative planner. https://github.com/sgware/sabre, 2023. .
- The Glaive narrative planner. https://nil.cs.uno.edu/projects/glaive/, 2014. .
- The Best Laid Plans. http://cs.uky.edu/~sgware/projects/blp/, 2014. .
Miscellaneous
- Workshop Report: Intelligent Narrative Technologies: The 16th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment. In Interactive AI Magazine, 2021. .
- Reports on the 2012 AIIDE Workshops. AI Magazine, vol. 34, num. 1, pp. 90-92, 2012. .
- Crossed swords and broken hearts: a computational model of narrative conflict. Poster at the North Carolina State University Graduate Research Symposium, 2012. .