[1] kappa 2306, also attested as *kw/fhs. There are two Cophen (Kophen) rivers known from antiquity: the modern-day Kabul River (Wikipedia entry at web address 1, Barrington Atlas map 6 grid C3) in Afghanistan and a Russian river (see next note) that most scholars identify as today's Kuma (Barrington Atlas map 85 grid D3).
[2] Part of Menander Protector fr. 10.4 Blockley (124-125, = De legationibus gentium ad Romanos 8.26-8); on the route taken by Roman envoy Zemarchus (cf. alpha 2962 note), returning to Byzantion from his 569-571 embassy to the Turks. The homeward route taken by Zemarchus is not known with any certainty. His entourage headed west, departing from the Talas region in present-day Kyrgyzstan; cf. Menander Protector fr. 10.3 Blockley (120-121). Most scholars believe the large body of water Zemarchus bypassed to be the Aral Sea; cf. Blockley (265-266, note 140). The "lakes" into which the Cophen river flows are most likely (ibid.) the Kuma River delta on the western shore of the Caspian Sea.