The headword is a masculine noun, here in the accusative singular. See generally LSJ s.v., which identifies this plant as the widely cultivated Cucumis sativus (Tutin, p. 298), and pi 2941 (gloss). [In her critical apparatus Adler reports that this entry and sigma 401 are reversed in order.] See also sigma 404.
[1] Following a scholion to Aristophanes, Acharnians 520 (web address 1); see note 3. [Adler reports that ms F adds the definite article: a)po\ tou=.]
[2] Greek Anthology 6.102.5, attributed to Philip of Thessalonica: the farmer Damon's dedication to Priapus; see Gow and Page, vol. I, pp. 308-309. Among numerous word-plays, the epigram invokes phallic symbolism by way of si/kuos; see Henderson, p. 125n94. Gow and Page (vol. II, p. 342) prefer xloa/onta, fresh, but the Suda's xnoa/onta (blooming, flowering) is plausible, since the flower remains attached to the end of the young fruit for some time after it forms on the vine. Other passages with extracts from this epigram are alpha 4705 and gamma 192.
[3] Aristophanes, Acharnians 520 (web address 1), with scholion. Dicaeopolis is venting his ire at the Athenian citizens who provoked a war with Sparta by claiming that everything from hares to cucumbers were Megarian influences; see Olson, pp. 207-208.
[4] Procopius, History of the Wars of Justinian 2.18.18 (web address 2): troops led by Petros under Belisarius (c. 500-565 CE; beta 233 and OCD(4) s.v.) let down their guard to forage, thereby enabling the Persians to attack and rout them; cf. Kaldellis (111) and alpha 4702. On the Byzantine general Petros, see alpha 1067 note. [Adler reports that ms G replaces ph with poi: without establishing order anywhere, whereas ms F transmits pe, an apparent misspelling.]