The pledges which used to be managed by three [means]: [by] words, actions, hands. [Doing so by] words might mean [by] oaths, [by] actions might mean [by] sacrifices on altars, and [it would be done by] hands when the pledges were effected by handshakes. And Homer [says]: "and right hands, which we promised".[1] And [there are] three complaints of transgression: [going against] altar, pledge, oath.