[1] = Synagoge sigma225, Photius sigma553 Theodoridis. Probably from commentary to Homer, where this form occurs several times; cf. scholia to Iliad 3.335 (singled out by Theodoridis), 5.746, 16.141, and to Odyssey 1.100. The form could be neuter singular (nominative or accusative) or masculine singular (accusative), but in Homer, including in the passages cited, it is almost always neuter, in reference to a shield, spear, or sword. On two occasions, Iliad 18.415 and Odyssey 8.136, it is masculine accusative singular, describing someone's neck. Cf. also Hesychius sigma1842, iota1072; ps.-Herodian, Epimerismi 128.17; Etymologicum Magnum 727.45; Apollonius Sophistes, Homeric Lexicon 145.29 (dative plural).
[2] Either a loose paraphrase of Josephus, Jewish War 6.161 (via the Excerpta of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, in Adler's view; cf. rho 218 where the same passage is quoted), or a slightly less loose paraphrase of George the Monk, Chronicon 385.1-2, which is quoted at greater length at tau 691, and which is itself largely a paraphrase of Josephus' account. On this passage Adler cites de Boor 1919: 17.