More generally [speaking this means] all rational activity, but in a special and stricter sense [it means activity performed] by choice, that is activity produced by virtue or vice. Those things are more choiceworthy whose respective actions are more choiceworthy. For instance, if acting justly is more worth choosing than acting courageously, justice also is more worth choosing than courage. [...] The activity directing towards the end is an action, but the end is a deed.