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Headword: 
*nealh/s 
Adler number: nu,104
Translated headword: fresh
Vetting Status: high
Translation: Properly [sc. this means] a fish recently caught. But it is also a term used of [one] recently salted.[1]
Also someone recently captured.[2]
Appian [writes]: "[...] to see the mass of the people from the wall and always to send out other, fresh [troops] to help those in trouble; the Celts, weary [and] enmeshed in toils, began to flee in disarray".[3]
And 
Polybius [writes]: "the enemy being unharmed and fresh".[4]
 
 Greek Original:*nealh/s: kuri/ws o( newsti\ e(alwkw\s i)xqu/s. le/getai de\ kai\ o( newsti\ a(lisqei/s. kai\ o( newsti\ a(lou/s. *)appiano/s: to\n de\ dh=mon a)po\ tou= tei/xous o(ra=n kai\ toi=s ponoume/nois e(te/rous nealei=s e)pipe/mpein a)ei/: oi( de\ *keltoi\ kekmhko/tes a)kmh=si sumpleko/menoi e)/feugon a)ta/ktws. kai\ *polu/bios: tou\s polemi/ous a)kerai/ous o)/ntas kai\ nealei=s. 
Notes: 
On the two related senses of 
nealh/s presented and illustrated here (based on alternative etymologies), see generally LSJ s.v. (web address 1).
[1] Same material in 
Photius (mu67 Theodoridis) and other lexica, and cf. the 
scholia to 
Plato, 
Politicus 265B. Harpokration s.v., commenting on 
Demosthenes 25.61, writes: "a man newly captured used to be called this, by a metaphor from fish".
[2] Likewise 
Hesychius nu174.
[3] Appian, 
Celtica fr. 9. 
[4] 
Polybius fr. 62 Büttner-Wobst (p. 523) (contextless).
 
Reference: 
T. Büttner-Wobst, ed., Polybii Historiae, vol. IV, (Leipzig 1904)
Associated internet address: 
Web address 1
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; food; historiography; history; imagery; military affairs; rhetoric; zoology
Translated by: David Whitehead on 10 August 2009@07:45:51.
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