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Headword: *musa/xnh
Adler number: mu,1470
Translated headword: defiled woman, polluted woman
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[The term[1] for] a prostitute in Archilochus;[2] and [sc. other words he uses are] 'workwoman'[3] and 'people'[4] and 'thick'.[5] And Hipponax calls her 'filthy-holed'[6] and 'unclean',[7] [sc. the first of these] from 'filth'.[8] Also [he calls her] 'skirt-lifting'[9] from the [verb meaning] to pull up one's clothes.[10] And Anacreon [calls her] 'one who gives herself to everybody'[11] and 'thoroughfare'[12] and 'garden-crazy';[13] for the pubis [is sometimes called] garden.[14] Eupolis [calls them] 'leg-rolling', from the crossing of the legs during coitus.[15]
Greek Original:
*musa/xnh: h( po/rnh para\ *)arxilo/xw|: kai\ e)rga/tis kai\ dh=mos kai\ paxei=a. *(ippw=nac de\ borboro/pin kai\ a)ka/qarton tau/thn fhsi/n, a)po\ tou= borbo/rou. kai\ a)nasurto/polin a)po\ tou= a)nasu/resqai: *)anakre/wn de\ pandosi/an kai\ lewfo/ron kai\ manio/khpon: kh=pos ga\r to\ mo/rion: *eu)/polis ei(li/podas a)po\ th=s ei(lh/sews tw=n podw=n th=s kata\ mi/cin.
Notes:
[1] This Suda entry on musa/xnh (Adler considers the word a paroxytone, but cf. note 2 below] comes from Pausanias the Grammarian (= Paus.Gr. mu27). In his edition of that author, H. Erbse refers it to a previous source in Pamphilus of Alexandria. Pausanias' entry mentions several insults specifically addressed to prostitutes by several poets. In the following notes I will mention some conjectures I consider more plausible than Adler's text.
[2] Archilochus fr. 209 West (who accentuates musaxnh/) = 88 Adrados = 184 Bergk; cf. Suetonius, On Blasphemies 2, Hesychius s.v. e)rga/tis, Eustathius 1088.37, and see Adrados pp.34-5. Henderson p.22 relates the word to the verb muza/w "suck", which gives musaxnh/ the meaning "fellatrix" (cf. ore adlaborandum est tibi: Horace, Epodes 8.20, a poem composed as an imitation of Archilochus). It is, however, more probable that the word is etymologically related to musa/ttomai "loathe" (mu 1469); cf. Suetonius, On Blasphemies 2, and see Masson p.315. The masculine form musaxno/s is used by Hipponax fr. 108.10 Degani (= POxy.2175); cf. Hesychius s.v.
[3] e)rga/tis: Archilochus fr. 208 West = 88 Adrados = 184 Bergk; cf. Hesychius s.v. On this term and the one mentioned in the following note see Henderson p.21.
[4] dh=mos: Archilochus fr. 207 West = 88 Adrados = 184 Bergk. Suetonius, On Blasphemies 2, explains it as follows: "as if she is the people's property".
[5] paxei=a: Archilochus fr. 206 West = 88 Adrados = 184 Bergk. Cf. Eustathius 1651.2 para\ sfuro\n paxei=a mish/th gunh/ "of thick ankles, hateful woman" (mu 1112, and cf. pi 829). Suetonius explains the term "because of gluttony" (dia\ to\ polu/trofon) and cf. uenterque mollis in Horace Epodes 9.
[6] borboro/pis: Hipponax fr. 158 Degani (borboro/ph preoptandum)= 135b West (borboro/ph) = 146 Medeiros (borborw=pis) = 153b Masson (borboro/ph); cf. Eustathius 1329.32 (borboro/ph). The word form transmitted in the manuscripts and accepted by Adler, borboro/pis, corresponds to a compound of bo/rboros and o)ph/ "hole", but the sequence of short vowels violates Wackernagel's Second Law. Medeiros, following the manuscripts of Suetonius, accepts as good the form borborw=pis "of disgusting look". If the reconstruction is to be accepted, it is a parody of Homeric compounds like bow=pis, glaukw=pis, kunw=pis.
[7] a)ka/qartos: "unclean". In every manuscript we read kai/, but it does not conveys a satisfactory meaning. I would prefer Bergk's conjecture w(s (or h)/toi'. Translate "he calls her borboro/pis, which is the same as 'unclean'", etc.
[8] bo/rboros. Compounds of this word often acquire an obscene or scatological meaning; cf. Henderson p.192.
[9] a)nasurto/polis: a)nasurto/{po}lin Hipponax fr. 152 Degani = 135a West = 145 Medeiros = 135a Masson. The compound as it appears in the text is clearly a corruption, and because of that all the editors reconstruct a)nasurto/lin. Medeiros explains the corrupted form transmitted in the manuscripts as a contamination of *)anasurtis and *)anasurolis. Cf. oi)fo/lhs, oi)fo/lis.
[10] a)nasu/romai; cf. Anacreon 18.
[11] pandosi/a. Anacreon fr. 163 Gentili = 156 Bergk = 466 PMG. A compound built in imitation of the name "Pandora".
[12] lewfo/ros. Anacreon fr. 60.13 Gentili = POxy. 2321 = 346.1.13 PMG; A term parodical of Homer: cf. Iliad 15.682; see Gentili p.191.
[13] manio/khpos: Anacreon fr. 164 Gentili = 158 Bergk; cf. Gentili p.183.
[14] kh=pos. See the many testimonia for this meaning collected in Henderson p.135; and cf. beta 391.
[15] ei(li/pous: Eupolis fr. 161 Kock = 174.3 KA (PCG). An invented term parodying Homeric diction (cf. Iliad 6.424, Odyssey 1.92, etc.), where the word appears as a formulaic epithet referring to herds of cows or bullocks (always with smooth breathing). The ancient scholiasts and commentators explain it with reference to the verb ei(/lw (cf. Sch.Er. Iliad 15.547b, Apollonius, Lexicon s.v.; but see Sch.Er. Iliad 9.466, where the term is linked with ei(/lhsis "stroke of the sunlight".) Such a relation with ei(/lw is nevertheless doubtful, due to the absence of any trace of digamma; cf. LFrGE s.v., Chantraine, Grammaire Homérique p.132.
References:
Henderson, Jeffrey. 1975. The Maculate Muse. New Haven and London: Yale University Press
Tedeschi, G. 1978. "Lingue e culture in contatto: il problema della lingua in Ipponatte." ILing 4 (2):225-235
Adrados, Francisco R. 1956. "Noveaux fragments et interpretations d'Archiloque". RPh 30: 28-36
Masson, Olivier. 1952. Review of M.F. Lasserre: Les epodes d'Archiloque. In Gnomon, p. 310
Keywords: clothing; comedy; daily life; definition; epic; gender and sexuality; imagery; poetry; women
Translated by: Daniel Riaño on 21 February 2000@12:44:18.
Vetted by:
William Hutton (Altered punctuation, raised vetting status to "low") on 21 February 2000@12:49:19.
Ross Scaife ✝ (removed angle brackets around text) on 24 June 2000@12:00:10.
David Whitehead (another headword; adjustments to translation; extensive cosmetics) on 6 January 2005@09:32:13.
David Whitehead (typo (mine) and further cosmetics) on 7 January 2005@04:40:17.
David Whitehead (x-ref) on 7 January 2005@04:41:50.
David Whitehead (more x-refs) on 7 January 2005@04:46:02.
David Whitehead (another) on 7 January 2005@04:48:06.
David Whitehead (tweaking) on 30 May 2013@04:19:42.
Catharine Roth (deleted link) on 15 September 2013@00:47:14.
Catharine Roth (coding) on 15 April 2015@00:23:09.
Catharine Roth on 15 April 2015@00:29:03.
David Whitehead (typo and other cosmetics) on 16 June 2016@11:10:21.

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