[1] The headword, presumably extracted from the quotation given, is present middle/passive participle, masculine nominative plural, of the verb kataule/w. See LSJ s.v. for its range of direct and applied senses.
[2] This unattributable quotation ludicrously turns upside down the famous scene in Xenophon, Hellenica 2.2.23 (where the Athenians suffer this indignity in 404 BCE after losing the Peloponnesian War): ta\ tei/xh kate/skapton u(p' au)lhtri/dwn pollh=| proqumi/a|. (For the same mistake in reverse see beta 442; and cf. also iota 411.)