See also kappa 2226, and generally Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 11.483B-484C [11.66-67 Kaibel].
[1] From the scholia to Aristophanes, Peace 1094, where the headword occurs.
[2] cf. Critias in Athenaeus 483B (above, and Plutarch, Lycurgus 9): "a drinking vessel most suitable for campaigning and most easily carried in a knapsack. The reason why it is a military item is that (soldiers) must often drink water that is not pure. So first the drink was not easy to see, and secondly, since the kothon has inward-curving edges, it retains the impurity within it".
[3] Presumably, rather, a nickname -- for the father of the celebrated Athenian general of 324/3 and 323/2 BCE. He too was called Leosthenes, and had been a general a generation earlier (362/1 or 361/0): see R. Develin, Athenian Officials 684-321 BC (Cambridge 1988) 268. (No Spartans of this name are attested.) See perhaps kappa 2227 for Leosthenes himself as 'Kothon's son'.
[4] Appian, Libyca 593 Viereck/Roos/Gabba, referring to the Roman siege of Carthage. The original actually says that the Romans heaped up earthen ramparts before the gates and slung these inflammable subjects onto them, together with pitch, thus setting fire to several towers.
[5] After 'sulphur' the words 'ashy fire' are bracketed by Adler as being an interpolated gloss; they are not in the text of Appian.