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Headword: *xa/ritas
Adler number: chi,123
Translated headword: favors; Graces
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Meaning] privileges, kindnesses. "He sent Theodorus to promise favors, in return for the fact that he had honored the greatest emissary of the Romans to the utmost."[1]
Also [sc. attested is] a proverb: 'the Graces [are] naked'; because it is necessary to give favors [xari/zesqai] simply and openly;[2] or because the Graces are deprived of their own adornment.[3]
There are three Graces: Peitho, Aglaia and Euphrone.[4]
Greek Original:
*xa/ritas: tima/s, eu)ergesi/as. o( de\ ste/llei *qeo/dwron, o(mologh/sonta xa/ritas, a)nq' w(=n to\n me/giston *(rwmai/wn presbeuth\n e)ti/mhsen e)s ta\ ma/lista. kai\ paroimi/a: *ai( *xa/rites gumnai/: h)/toi o(/ti dei= a)felw=s kai\ a)fane/rws xari/zesqai: h)\ o(/ti ai( *xa/rites to\n e(autw=n ko/smon a)fh/|rhntai. trei=s de\ ai( *xa/rites, *peiqw/, *)aglai/+a kai\ *eu)fro/nh.
Notes:
The headword is accusative plural, presumably extracted from the first quotation given.
[1] An approximation of part of Menander Protector fr. 18.6 Blockley (164-165), via the Excerpta de legationibus of Constantine Porphyrogenitus 158. In early 575 Tiberius Caesar (cf. tau 553 and PLRE IIIb s.v. Tiberius Constantinus(1)) sent Theodorus as envoy to Chosroes (cf. chi 418 generally) to thank the Persian king for the kind reception given to Trajan in a prior embassy. On Theodorus see PLRE IIIb s.v. Theodorus(33). On Trajan see PLRE IIIb s.v. Traianus(3). Find further extracts from this fragment at alpha 2330, alpha 2906, epsilon 1676, epsiloniota 267, and sigma 10.
[2] cf. Zenobius 1.36; see also alphaiota 386 where the Suda mss read fanerw=s ("openly") -- as translated here -- rather than the a)fane/rws ("in secret") which Adler prints.
[3] Again there is a variant reading in the quotation of this passage in alphaiota 386, which reads a)xa/ristoi ("those who lack the gifts of the graces") for this entry's *xa/rites ("the Graces"); cf. Zenobius 1.36. See also chi 124.
[4] The earliest source we have for these names of the Graces is Hesiod, Theogony 907. (See web address 1 below.) Homer mentions the Graces several times, but only once gives a name: "Pasithea" (if Iliad 14.269 is genuine).
References:
R.C. Blockley, ed. and trans., The History of Menander the Guardsman, (Cambridge 1985)
J.R. Martindale, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. IIIb, (Cambridge, 1992)
Associated internet address:
Web address 1
Keywords: art history; biography; clothing; daily life; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; epic; ethics; gender and sexuality; historiography; history; mythology; proverbs; women
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 15 March 2008@04:07:18.
Vetted by:
William Hutton (modified translation, augmented notes, added keyword, raised status) on 15 March 2008@09:21:44.
Jennifer Benedict (cosmeticule) on 15 March 2008@11:57:27.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; cosmetics) on 16 March 2008@05:29:43.
David Whitehead (updated n.1) on 3 January 2012@07:48:40.
David Whitehead on 8 November 2013@05:16:54.
Catharine Roth (tweaked link) on 8 November 2013@21:56:52.
Catharine Roth (cosmeticule) on 19 April 2023@01:16:24.
Catharine Roth (cross-reference) on 19 April 2023@11:46:19.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.1, added bibliography and cross-references) on 27 August 2024@12:03:05.
Ronald Allen (added cross-references n.1) on 2 December 2024@11:50:23.

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