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Headword:
*)anti/oxos
Adler number: alpha,2693
Translated headword: Antiochus, Antiochos
Vetting Status: high
Translation: [
Antiochus], a king.[1] This man seemed at first to be an attempter of great things and daring and able to follow through on his what had been begun, but as he moved along in life he proved much inferior to himself and the general expectation.[2]
For[3] from the sons of Alexander of Macedon came a sinful root, this Epiphanes, son of
Seleukos Philopator.[4] He was a terrible man and greedy and he committed many ravagings and lootings and acquired a lot of money and from intemperance and mad passion he fell to mimicking himself in the sight of everyone and doted madly after women. He seized Egypt with a heavy mob and chariots and elephants and a great army and took control of it. Turning back after losing all sense he took
Jerusalem and slaughtered 180000. So he dared to go even into the sanctuary and set up an altar and an abominable idol of desolation and defiled the temple with unclean sacrifices and called it the shrine to Olympian Zeus.[5] And thus enthroned on high and with his armed soldiers stationed around him in a circle he commanded the mercenaries to drag in each and every Hebrew and give him pork meat and force him to sacrifice to idols; unless they would eat the forbidden meat, they tortured and killed them. So many were seized, and a certain Eleazar, [one] of the foremost scholars, already advanced in age, would not eat the abominable meat and was flogged and slain with his seven children and their mother Solomonis. (Concerning these matters the Theologian too makes mention in his
What the Maccabees did.[6]) The king, struck rather mad and driven out of his senses, took all the sacred vessels and plundered the whole city and butchered its flocks and made slaughter and he returned boasting to
Antioch. And after two years of fighting the Persians, he dispatched a commander to levy tribute from the city of
Jerusalem. [The commander] neared the city and spoke words of peace to
Jerusalem and went in -- and dealt the city a huge blow: he tore down the walls and set the whole city alight, and defiled the temple and killed many and went away with prisoners, having left a commander behind to torture the Jews. A certain Matthias, a priest,[7] had five sons, of which Judas Maccabeus was one; he was full of zeal and struck out against the commander and killed him and tore up the altars of the Greeks. So
Antiochus came against him with great force. As the war went on, Eleazar, a brother of Judas, showed courage when he was crushed by the elephant. For he sneaked up on the elephant and struck it in the belly with his sword, hoping to take the king above him. So Antiochos marched out against the Persians and turned out the loser and lost his life foully.
This same Antiochos, when the Jewish people were in revolt against the regular tribute, again enslaved them: he pillaged the offerings of the temple and tracked them all down and found a holy book which held [---] in his hands, and a deep beard-offering;[8] there, of course, a gold-wrought lampstand stood. He smeared these things with pig blood and left them in the temple; and having imposed on the Jewish inhabitants a fine of many talents for extracting the tribute he returned to
Syria.
*)anti/oxos, basileu/s: ou(=tos e)do/kei kata\ ta\s a)rxa\s gegone/nai megaleph/bolos kai\ tolmhro\s kai\ tou= proteqe/ntos e)cergastiko/s, probai/nwn de\ kata\ th\n h(liki/an e)fa/nh polu\ katadee/steros au(tou= kai\ th=s tw=n e)kto\s prosdoki/as. e)k ga\r tw=n pai/dwn tou= *)aleca/ndrou tou= *makedo/nos e)ch=lqe r(i/za a(martwlo\s, ou(=tos o( *)epifanh\s, ui(o\s *seleu/kou tou= *filopa/toros, o(\s u(pa/rxwn deino\s a)nh\r kai\ pleone/kths kai\ polla\s a(rpaga\s kai\ lehlasi/as poih/sas sunh=ce xrh/mata polla\ kai\ e)k pollh=s a)kolasi/as kai\ oi)strhlasi/as ei)s mi/mous e(auto\n kaqei\s e)n o)/yei pa/ntwn tai=s gunaici\n e)pemai/neto. kai\ katalabw\n th\n *ai)/gupton e)n o)/xlw| barei= kai\ a(/rmasi kai\ e)le/fasi kai\ sto/lw| mega/lw| tau/ths e)kra/thsen. u(postre/yas de\ meta\ a)ponoi/as ei(=le kai\ th\n *(ierousalh\m dorua/lwton kai\ kate/sface muria/das ih#. katatolmh/sas ou)=n kai\ ei)s to\ a(gi/asma ei)selqw\n kai\ sth/sas bwmo\n kai\ ei)/dwlon bde/lugma e)rhmw/sews kai\ to\n nao\n mia/nas di' a)kaqa/rtwn qusiw=n i(ero\n *dio\s *)olumpi/ou proshgo/reusen. ou(/tw te e)f' u(yhlou= kaqi/sas kai\ tw=n stratiwtw=n au)tou= ku/klw| paresthko/twn e)no/plwn e)ke/leuse toi=s dorufo/rois e(/na e(/kaston *(ebrai=on e)pispa/sasqai kai\ krew=n xoirei/wn kai\ ei)dwloqu/twn a)nagka/zein a)pogeu/esqai: ei) de\ mh\ qe/loien miarofagh=sai, a)nairei=sqai troxisqe/ntas. pollw=n ou)=n sunarpasqe/ntwn, kai\ *)elea/zar tis tw=n prw/twn grammate/wn, h)/dh probebhkw\s th\n h(liki/an, mh\ miarofagh/sas, mastigwqei\s a)nairei=tai su\n e(pta\ paisi\ meta\ mhtro\s *solomwni/dos. peri\ w(=n kai\ o( *qeolo/gos e)n tw=|, ti/ dai\ oi( *makkabai=oi, mnhmoneu/ei. e)kplagei\s de\ o( tu/rannos kai\ ma=llon e)kmanei\s kai\ ta\ i(era\ skeu/h pa/nta labw\n kai\ pa=san th\n po/lin lafuragwgh/sas kai\ ta\ kth/nh kreourgh/sas kai\ fonoktoni/an poih/sas kai\ megalorhmonh/sas a)nexw/rhsen ei)s *)antio/xeian. kai\ meta\ du/o e)/th kata\ *persw=n e)pistrateu/sas a)pe/steilen a)/rxonta forologh=sai ta\s po/leis *(ierousalh/m. o(\s parageno/menos kai\ lalh/sas ei)rhnikou\s lo/gous pro\s th\n *(ierousalh\m kai\ ei)selqw\n e)pa/tacen au)th\n plhgh=| mega/lh|, kai\ kaqelw\n ta\ tei/xh pa=san au)th\n e)ne/prhse, kai\ to\ i(ero\n mia/nas kai\ pollou\s a)nelw\n kai\ ai)xmalwteu/sas a)ph/|ei, a)/rxonta katalipw\n ei)s to\ basani/zein tou\s *)ioudai/ous. *matqi/as de/ tis i(ereu\s, e)/xwn ui(ou\s pe/nte, a)f' w(=n *)iou/das o( *makkabai=os e)tu/gxane, zh/lou plhsqei\s kai\ o(rmh/sas kata\ tou= a)/rxontos a)nei=len au)to\n kai\ ska/ptei tou\s tw=n *(ellh/nwn bwmou/s. e)pe/rxetai ou)=n au)tw=| *)anti/oxos meta\ pollh=s duna/mews. w(s de\ e)pe/teinen o( po/lemos, *)elea/zar a)delfo\s *)iou/da a)risteu/sas suntri/betai u(po\ tou= e)le/fantos. u(peish=lqe ga\r to\n e)le/fanta kai\ ci/fei th\n gaste/ra au)tou= e)/tuyen e)lpi/sas e)pa/nw au)tou= to\n tu/rannon fe/resqai. e)kstrateu/sas ou)=n *)anti/oxos kata\ *persw=n u(pe/streyen h(tthme/nos kai\ kakw=s to\n bi/on a)palla/ttei. o(/ti o( au)to\s *)anti/oxos to\ tw=n *)ioudai/wn e)/qnos stasia/san pro\s to\n sunh/qh fo/ron au)=qis katedou/lwse: sulh/sas te ta\ tou= i(erou= a)naqh/mata kai\ diereunh/sas a(/panta eu(=ren a)galma/tion bibli/on e)n tai=s xersi\ kate/xon pw/gwna/ te e)pifero/menon baqu/n: w(=| dh\ kai\ luxni/dion pareisth/kei dia/xruson. tau=ta xoirei/ois ai(/masin a)nalabw\n e)n tw=| i(erw=| kate/lipe: kai\ polloi=s tala/ntois zhmiw/sas pro\s u(pagwgh\n fo/rou tou\s e)noikou=ntas *)ioudai/ous e)pi\ ta\s *suri/as e)panh=lqen.
Notes:
[1]
Antiochus III ("the Great"), c.242-187. See generally OCD(4) p.105.
[2]
Polybius 15.37; abridged at
mu 356.
[3] This long central paragraph of the entry consists of excerpts from the
Chronicon of George the Monk; they concern a later homonym,
Antiochus IV Epiphanes (c.215-162), on whom see generally OCD(4) p.105.
[4] Incorrect: younger brother of SP. (They were both sons of
Antiochus III.)
[5] cf.
alpha 132,
beta 202,
iota 194. For a modern discussion, in historical context, see Graham Shipley,
The Greek World After Alexander (London 2000) 307-312.
[6] Gregory of Nazianzus,
In praise of the Maccabees (
PG 35.912ff.) The text begins,
*Ti/ de\ oi( *makkabai=oi; "But what [did] the Maccabees [do]?"
[7]
mu 282.
[8] There is evidently textual corruption here.
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 23 July 2000@01:55:33.
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