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Headword: *)amfiboli/a
Adler number: alpha,1706
Translated headword: ambiguity, amphiboly
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
An expression literally and correctly meaning two or more things, so that many things at the same time can be understood by the same expression: such as au)lhtri\s pe/ptwke. For one can mean by this both that a house has fallen down three times and that the female cithara-player [who is also] the piper [has fallen down].[1]
Greek Original:
*)amfiboli/a: le/cis du/o h)\ kai\ plei/ona pra/gmata shmai/nousa lektikw=s kai\ kuri/ws, w(/sq' a(/ma plei/ona e)kde/casqai kata\ th\n au)th\n le/cin: oi(=on au)lhtri\s pe/ptwke. dhlou=tai ga\r di' au)th=s, kai\ o(/ti oi)ki/a tri\s pe/ptwke kai\ o(/ti h( kiqarw|do\s h( au)lou=sa.
Notes:
A version (with an odd ending) of Posidonius ap. Diogenes Laertius 7.62.
[1] See again alpha 4435. The single word au)lhtri/s means a female piper; but if it is split into two words, au)lh/ can mean a house and tri/s is an adverb meaning thrice. (The accentuation would differ in the two interpretations, however.)
The Stoics distinguished various kinds of amphibolies (a)mfiboli/a is the general term for all ambiguities); this is the first of them, and consists of what the Stoics called common to what is a common unity and to what is divided. In the example, the ambiguity is common to au)lhtri/s both understood as a unity (the piper) and as a divided word: au)lh\ tri/s (the house [has fallen] three times). The ambiguity must have been more evident for a C3-BCE Greek speaker, when the words were written together in a sentence, and in capital letters. The other Stoic ambiguities are also listed and discussed by Galen in his treatise On Fallacies due to language, chapter IV. For an excellent edition of that text, with an English translation and commentary, see Blair Edlow 1977; and on ambiguity in Stoicism, see Atherton 1993.
On amphiboly, see also omicron 299.
References:
Atherton, C., Stoics on Ambiguity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993)
Blair Edlow, R., Galen On Language and Ambiguity (Leiden: Brill 1977)
Keywords: definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; meter and music; philosophy; rhetoric; women
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 11 August 2000@22:23:48.
Vetted by:
Catharine Roth (Altered wording, added a second headword translation, a note, and a keyword.) on 30 August 2000@01:39:44.
David Whitehead (modified translation; added keywords; cosmetics) on 2 March 2001@09:20:02.
David Whitehead (restorative cosmetics) on 18 July 2002@09:45:08.
Marcelo Boeri (Expanded note; added bibliography.) on 16 July 2003@22:36:50.
David Whitehead (betacode and other cosmetics) on 19 February 2012@05:43:34.
Catharine Roth (italics) on 26 February 2012@00:08:29.
Catharine Roth (cross-reference) on 26 November 2023@17:34:47.

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