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Headword: Kestros
Adler number: kappa,1434
Translated headword: dart, dart-sling, kestros, cestrus, kestrosphendone
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
This was a novel invention during the [sc. Romans'] war against Perseus.[1] The missile of this kind was two palms [long],[2] and it had a tube equal [in length] to the point. Into this [tube] a wooden shaft was fitted, a span in length[3] and a finger's breadth in diameter. Onto the middle of this[4] were secured three wing-shaped timbers, altogether short. This,[5] with the sling having two unequal strings,[6] was looped between the strings in an easily-releasable manner. There it stayed while these strings were whirled around and tautened; but when, during the discharge, one of the strings was loosened, it fell out from the loop and was propelled just like a leaden sling-bullet, striking with a forceful blow and inflicting serious injury on those encountering it.
Greek Original:
Kestros: xenon ên touto to heurêma kata ton Persikon polemon. to de belos toiouto dipalaiston ên, ison echon ton auliskon têi probolêi. toutôi xulon enêrmosto, tôi men mêkei spithamiaion, tôi de pachei daktuliaian echon tên diametron. eis de toutou to meson esphênôto pterugia tria xulina, brachea pantelôs. toutôn duein kalôn anisôn huparchontôn tês sphendonês, eis to meson enênkulizeto tôn kalôn eulutôs. loipon en men têi periagôgêi tetamenôn toutôn emenen: hote de paralutheiê thateron tôn kalôn, kata tên aphesin ekpipton ek tês ankulês kathaperei molubdis ek tês sphendonês pheretai kai prospipton meta biaias plêgês kakôs dietithei tous sunkurêsantas.
Notes:
Polybius 27.11, known only from this entry in the Suda; cf. Livy 42.65.9-10 (and a similar device in Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 20.1.4). For commentary, beyond what is proffered here, see Walbank 3.308-310.
[1] For Perseus see pi 1370.
[2] The Loeb translator, W.R.Paton, mis-translates as 'two cubits'. Two palms is c.six inches.
[3] c. nine inches.
[4] 'This' is either the shaft or the whole missile.
[5] Reading tou=to for the Suda's genitive plural tou/twn.
[6] This translates the noun transmitted twice as ka/lwn; 'Lipsius' [Joest Lips, 1547-1606] emended it to kw/lwn ("limbs").
Keywords: biography; botany; chronology; definition; historiography; history; military affairs; science and technology; trade and manufacture
Translated by: David Whitehead on 10 November 2008@08:44:22.
Vetted by:
Catharine Roth (added link, set status) on 10 November 2008@22:58:59.
David Whitehead (more notes) on 11 November 2008@03:41:48.
Catharine Roth (deleted link, cosmetics) on 5 February 2013@01:16:32.
David Whitehead on 19 February 2013@09:07:54.
Ronald Allen (given name cosmeticule in n.6) on 7 November 2018@21:53:11.
Catharine Roth (tweaked note) on 11 August 2019@01:00:33.

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