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Headword: *)akrasi/as
Adler number: alpha,956
Translated headword: of incontinence, of lack of restraint, of want of self-control
Vetting Status: high
Translation:
[Meaning of] irregularity, [sc. so called] from not being blended in [sugkekra=sqai].[1]
Josephus [writes]: "the Romans are conquered through their hands' lack of restraint."[2]
*)akrasi/a and a)kolasi/a ["intemperance"] are different. For the latter, intemperance, creates shameful things in accordance with choice; but the other [does so] contrary to choice.[3]
[sc. The adjective] a)kra/sios is also used.[4]
"And thus she having digressed into every deviant path [...]."[5]
Greek Original:
*)akrasi/as: a)nwmali/as, para\ to\ mh\ sugkekra=sqai. *)iw/shpos: oi( de\ *(rwmai=oi dia\ xeirw=n a)krasi/an a(li/skontai. a)krasi/a kai\ a)kolasi/a diafe/rei. h( me\n ga\r kata\ proai/resin pra/ttei ta\ ai)sxra\, h( a)kolasi/a: h( de\ para\ proai/resin. le/getai de\ kai\ *)akra/sios. ou(/tw te e)s pa=san a)kra/sion e)kpeptwkui=a tri/bon.
Notes:
[1] Likewise in other lexica; references at Photius alpha836 Theodoridis. The headword, evidently quoted from somewhere, is either genitive singular (as assumed here) or accusative plural of the feminine noun a)krasi/a.
[2] Josephus, Jewish War 5.122: web address 1 below.
[3] Alexander of Aphrodisias, Commentaries on Aristotle's Topica 121.29-31; cf. Van Ophuijsen (131). The distinction is Aristotle's: see Nicomachean Ethics 3.2 (1111b13-15) and 7.8 (1151a11-14), web addresses 2 and 3, respectively.
[4] Attested only here and in the parallel entry in ps.-Zonaras. They both, likewise, have its accusative case in the quotation which follows: see next note.
[5] Procopius, Secret History 15.9 (on Theodora), where the text (web address 4) has the genitive a)krasi/as ("every path of deviance"); cf Kaldellis (68). For Theodora (ca. 490-548), wife of Justinian I (cf. iota 446) and empress (527-548), see PLRE IIIb s.v. Theodora(1). Modern historians are often skeptical of the anecdotes Procopius provides about Theodora, all collected from hearsay, and his estimate of her moral character; cf. Foss (169-170).
References:
J.M. Van Ophuijsen, Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle’s Topics 1, (Ithaca, NY 2001)
A. Kaldellis, ed. and trans., Prokopios: The Secret History, (Indianapolis 2010)
J.R. Martindale, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, vol. IIIb, (Cambridge, 1992)
C. Foss, "The Empress Theodora", Byzantion 72, no. 1 (1982), 141-176
Associated internet addresses:
Web address 1,
Web address 2,
Web address 3,
Web address 4
Keywords: biography; definition; dialects, grammar, and etymology; ethics; historiography; history; military affairs; philosophy; women
Translated by: Jennifer Benedict on 23 March 2001@17:19:14.
Vetted by:
David Whitehead (modified translation; added note and keywords; cosmetics) on 4 June 2002@09:59:42.
Marcelo Boeri (Augmented headword and references.) on 8 June 2003@15:49:45.
David Whitehead (modified translation of initial gloss; cosmetics) on 9 June 2003@03:06:08.
Catharine Roth (updated link) on 19 October 2011@00:10:17.
Catharine Roth (tweaks and cosmetics) on 21 October 2011@02:07:14.
David Whitehead (augmented notes and keywords; tweaks and cosmetics) on 21 October 2011@03:40:27.
David Whitehead on 29 January 2012@08:11:32.
Catharine Roth (cosmetics) on 30 April 2012@01:19:20.
David Whitehead on 19 August 2013@08:32:59.
David Whitehead on 17 May 2015@10:20:46.
Catharine Roth (tweaked link) on 8 October 2018@01:33:08.
Ronald Allen (added bibliography n.3, added links) on 28 January 2024@16:00:21.
Ronald Allen (augmented n.5, added to bibliography, added cross-reference, added link) on 28 January 2024@16:42:13.
Ronald Allen (expanded n.5, added to bibliography) on 21 June 2024@11:32:01.

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